Social Security System

Social Security System
Social Security System
 
['səʊʃl sɪ'kjʊərətɪ 'sɪstəm], populäre Bezeichnung für das bundesstaatliche Sozialversicherungssystem der USA (eigentlich Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance, Abkürzung OASDI), 1935 im Rahmen des New Deal mit dem Social Security Act (SSA; ab 1937 in Kraft) begründet; der zunächst auf aus dem Erwerbsleben ausgeschiedene Arbeiter in Handel und Industrie beschränkte Personenkreis und die abgesicherten Risiken wurden in zahlreichen Änderungen des SSA erweitert. Das Social Security System umfasst eine Alters-, Hinterbliebenen- und Invalidenversicherung sowie eine Krankenhaus- und eine freiwillige Krankenversicherung, die v. a. über 65-Jährige und Erwerbsunfähige (»Medicare«) sowie im Krankheitsfall besonders Bedürftige ohne Altersgrenze (»Medicaid«) unterstützt. Hinzu kommen Arbeitslosenversicherung und Sozialhilfe, die in den Einzelstaaten auf der Grundlage bundesstaatlich festgelegter Rahmenbedingungen unterschiedlich geregelt werden. Für bestimmte Personenkreise gibt es zusätzliche Hilfsprogramme. Trotz beachtlicher Ausweitung des Social Security Systems ist das Ausmaß der sozialen Sicherung in den USA beträchtlich geringer als in den meisten europäischen Staaten. (Sozialpolitik)

Universal-Lexikon. 2012.

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